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1 European Engineering school of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials Science
Общая лексика: Европейская школа химии полимерных материаловУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > European Engineering school of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials Science
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2 European Engineering school of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials Science
Abbreviation: ECPMУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > European Engineering school of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials Science
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3 Европейская школа химии полимерных материалов
General subject: Ecole Europeenne chimie polymeres materiaux (European Engineering school of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials Science (ECPM)), European Engineering school of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials ScienceУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Европейская школа химии полимерных материалов
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4 ECPM
2) Деловая лексика: Electronic Consumer Product Management -
5 Ecole Europeenne chimie polymeres materiaux
Общая лексика: Европейская школа химии полимерных материалов (European Engineering school of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials Science (ECPM))Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Ecole Europeenne chimie polymeres materiaux
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6 eCPM
2) Деловая лексика: Electronic Consumer Product Management -
7 Carothers, Wallace Hume
[br]b. 27 April 1896 Burlington, Iowa, USAd. 29 April 1937 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American chemist, inventor of nylon.[br]After graduating in chemistry, Carothers embarked on academic research at several universities, finally at Harvard University. His earliest published papers, from 1923, heralded the brilliance and originality of his later work. In 1928, Du Pont de Nemours persuaded him to forsake the academic world to lead their new organic-chemistry group in a programme of fundamental research at their central laboratories at Wilmington, Delaware. The next nine years were extraordinarily productive, yielding important contributions to theoretical organic chemistry and the foundation of two branches of chemical industry, namely the production of synthetic rubber and of wholly synthetic fibres.Carothers began work on high molecular weight substances yielding fibres and introduced polymerization by condensation: polymerization by addition was already known. He developed a clear understanding of the relation between the repeating structural units in a large molecule and its physical chemical properties. In 1931, Carothers found that chloroprene could be polymerized much faster than isoprene, the monomer in natural rubber. This process yielded polychloroprene or neoprene, a synthetic rubber with improved properties. Manufacture began the following year, and the material has continued to be used for speciality rubbers.There followed many publications announcing new condensations polymers. On 2 January 1935, he obtained a patent for the formation of new polyamides, including one from adipic acid and hexamethylenediamene. After four years of development work, which cost Du Pont some $27 million, this new polyamide, or nylon, reached the stage of commercial production, beginning on 23 October 1938. Nylon stockings appeared the following year and 64 million were sold during the first twelve months. However, Carothers saw none of this spectacular success: he had died by his own hand in 1937, after a long history of gradually intensifying depression.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsElected to the National Academy of Science 1936 (he was the first industrial organic chemist to be so honoured).BibliographyH.M.Whitby and G.S.Whitby, 1940, Collected Papers of Wallace H.Carothers on Polymerisation, New York.Further ReadingR.Adams, 1939, memoir, Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 20:293–309 (includes a complete list of Carothers's sixty-two scientific papers and most of his sixty-nine US patents).LRDBiographical history of technology > Carothers, Wallace Hume
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